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Elephants also suffer the weight and discomfort of the robes, capes, ornaments and battery powered electric bulbs that cover their entire body and large ears that usually lower the body temperature. As they march down, the costumes that shift will hinder their vision. The mahout either sits on the elephant poking it or walks by the side of the elephant pulling the chains or poking with the elephant goad.
All these have caused a frustration to the elephant and therefore, exhibits those stereotypic behaviors. Another reason behind these stereotypic behavior could be due to musth behavior of male bull elephants.
Musth behavior is a form of reproductive behavior which is a state of heightened aggressiveness. An elephant who goes into musth often dribble urine continuously and have a thick black secretion from their temporal glands the duct from the temporal gland opens between the eye and the ear.
These elephants have a high level of testosterone in their blood. Stereotypic behaviors depend on the age, sex, management practices, season, social environment and individual character. Stereotypic behaviors are often observed among the adults. For one week in each location, after sunset, the nine-minute video will loop continuously. I am thinking a lot about habitat with these installations; the un-natural habitat and behavior of the elephants will be injected into urban areas, magnifying the impossibility of humane captivity.
Through the observation of stereotypic behaviors in elephants, I am impelled to ask: In what ways do humans, along with all living beings, seek soothing and connectivity?
Can ritualistic behaviors be viewed as a means of escape from present reality, and do forms of escape potentially—or inevitably—become debilitating distortions?
I hope the video installation will prompt similar questions for viewers. Many of the elephants filmed for my video project are now dead, and several zoos have closed their elephant exhibits.
Patience, an elephant in Springfield, Missouri, for example, aggressively killed her experienced, year-old zookeeper last year. The week prior, Patience's companion elephant was euthanized at the zoo. There was very little press about Patience killing her keeper, which is typical of how visitors are frequently shielded from behind-the-scenes realities.
There has been an immense, though unsuccessful, campaign to move the elephants in Seattle to sanctuary. Zoo advocates emphasize education as an integral part of the mission of a zoo. I would argue, however, that if spectators are seeing a preponderance of abnormal animal behaviors, the result is miseducation.
Moreover, money is often misspent. Ten million dollars recently went toward constructing an elephant exhibit at the Audubon Zoo, which allows spectators to hose off the elephants. Deb Robinson , an elephant expert and advocate, states:. There is absolutely no proof whatever that there is any connection between seeing animals in zoos or circuses and people expending meaningful efforts to save them. Not only that, but elephants are one animal that simply cannot thrive in a zoo environment, at least as zoos are today.
In theory, this could allow humans to walk up walls, but also could allow astronauts to cling on to things efficiently in space.
Imagine electronics that could fix themselves - no more calls out to electricians or taking in your prized gadgets back to the shop. Building a self-fixing television sounds like the stuff of science fiction, but materials that have the ability to self-assemble - or self-heal - have already been found. For example, epoxy compounds can heal surfaces if they get cut - in just the same way that a scab forms if skin gets cut. So, in years to come, it is not so preposterous that your TV could fix itself after breaking down.
Roald Dahl has already sent an elevator to space in his story Charlie and The Great Glass Elevator, but to make this a reality a tower of 36,km high would have to be built. To do that you would need a material that is strong but really light. At the moment, materials like concrete, steel and aluminium wouldn't even get close because they are too heavy and the force of gravity pressing on them would eventually make them collapse.
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